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you probably clicked on this video because you're curious about music theory maybe you think learning theory will help you become a better musician and you're right if you want to build a great musical Foundation music theory is key understanding how Music Works gives you the tools to become the musician you've always wanted to be and in this video I'm going to show you everything that you need to know about music theory to get started okay well let's begin at the very start with the geography of the piano piano is the instrument most people turn to when learning music theory because it's just so easily laid out with the white keys and The Black Keys but we need to learn the order of the Black Keys to begin so we're going to go like this 2 3 2 3 2 3 the piano is just a pattern of two black notes and then three black notes and on top of that we need to actually learn the note names for all of these types of notes the first thing we're going to learn is the musical alphabet which starts at the letter A the bottom note of the piano if you have a full 88 key piano this is actually your a note so it goes a b c d e f g but then when we get to G we just start the alphabet over again this is the musical alphabet it has 1 2 3 4 5 6 seven different letters when you get to G you just start over a b c d e f g a b c d e f g and so on and so forth and it doesn't matter what instrument you're playing all instruments use the letter A to the the letter G okay so now that we know the musical alphabet is a to G we need to find out how to figure out where our notes are so we're going to have some reference notes beside the two black notes to the left specifically this one this is the most important note on the piano this is called our middle C it's the C that's closest to the middle of the piano a lot of people think this is the exact middle of the piano well I think the exact middle is somewhere like between E and F but for this this is the C that is closest to the middle so we call it middle C and if this is C then I can just go up the alphabet d e f g and then I start over again A B C but it's also really good to practice your alphabet backwards so c b a g f e d c so really good to get really familiar with that um another great reference note a landmark note if you will to the left of the three black notes we have F so here's an F here's an F here's an F here's an F any where anytime to the left of the three black notes you have all of these fs and if you're left of the two black notes C so that's how you can figure out any name of any white note if I went like this okay well here's F down one note is e what about this note okay well here's C so then here goes B and there's a so you can always kind of use that as a reference to figure out what the note name is but now let's talk about these black notes the black notes actually have two different names I'm going to start off with with a name that you may have heard before the sharps and so the sharps go like this C if I go up one semitone this is called C sharp so if I go to up to the right one semit tone that is a sharp now D dsharp let's just do the black notes first f f g g Shar a a sharp hopefully you kind of get the idea a little bit CSH d f gar and a Shar but what if I go down to the left well these black notes have another name they can also be called flats and so if I went like this E I go down to the left I call it E flat so same thing d d flat here's B there's B flat a a flat g g flat so here's the formula if you go up a semmit tone it's a sharp and if you go down a semmit tone it's a flat but the last thing I need to say on this is these notes between B and C there's no black note same with E and F there is no black note there so what do we do in those cases well this note if I go up a semitone you can in theory call this B Sharp I know kind of gross right why wouldn't you just call it C there are some theoretical reasons for that but it's good for you to know same with this one C flat is technically also B and then there you can get into a little bit deeper you can go like couble flat which is technically C flat C flat again like you can get into some crazy note names or C double sharp c csharp c double sharp is just a d so you can kind of get into double Sharps and double Flats but for now all you need to know is for these white notes Here e this is also e sharp and for F this is also FL flat even though it's not a black note white notes can still be sharps or flats once a week we have a live stream inside a piano called in theory where myself or one of our amazing piano coaches will guide you through a 1hour weekly Theory lesson and answer all of your music related questions if you want to check that out or dive a little bit deeper into music theory click the link below to get started with a free trial the piano join us and get started today okay our next really really important topic is scales and intervals so let's begin with intervals if you don't know what an interval is it's the distance between two notes so from here to here if I asked okay well how many what's the what's the distance we can call this half steps or whole steps or if you're in the UK uh semitones or whole tones uh for now I'm going to call them half steps and whole steps so if I said okay how many steps is it from C to F I could go okay well 1 2 3 4 5 what about from C to e well then it's just going to be 1 2 3 4 four half steps and all you need to know is a half step is the distance from one note to the very next note but a whole step is basically just two half steps so from C to D that's a whole step from D to e that's another whole step because I'm kind of skipping that one from E to F sharp that's going to be my whole step again here the reason I'm showing you half steps and whole steps is because we're going to use the H and the W to create some formulas to be able to play our scales and scales are the foundation of what makes music how to know what notes are in what key and the funny thing is is you can play any scale on the piano as long as you understand this one formula whole whole half whole whole whole half so two holes in a half and then three holes and a half so let me show you how that works let's pick any note on the piano let's say d okay so in the key of D I'm going to follow this formula so the first one is a whole step so e is my next note then I need to go another whole step Skip One there it is now I need to go a half step so just down one note and now three whole steps in a row 1 2 three and then we finish it off with a half step so if you do that formula you can create any major scale one more time a little bit faster starting on E whole whole half whole whole whole half so write down that formula do whatever you need to do to remember it but here is the minor scale formula now now a different one the natural minor scale whole half whole whole half whole whole so make sure you write that down w h wwh ww and it sounds like this so starting on a note whole half whole whole half and then two whole whole so just like that if you can write down both of those formulas you can start on any note on the piano and create your major or your minor scales okay so the last thing I'm going to teach you about intervals is the distance between all the notes so while I said you know from C to F is five semitones C to e is four they actually have names when you go a certain distance apart and I'm going to show you what they are by using the white notes for now and then we'll get into the black notes so the distance from C to D this is called a major 2 from C to e this is a major 3D C to F the perfect fourth C to g a perfect fifth C to a a major 6th C to B A major 7th and when you get to the same note this could be called a perfect eth or more commonly known as an octave so there are all the white keys what about the Black Keys so now we have this a crunchy one it's kind of like the Jaws song this is a minor second then we have a minor third this one is commonly referred to as the trone or the augmented fourth or the diminished fifth there's one has a bunch of names because it kind of sounds a little scary our next one this is the minor 6th the minor 7th and then again you get to the octave so now you know all the distance and if you go from a and you do the same distance apart the intervals are called the same thing make sure you kind of study up on those intervals and really ingrain those in your head because they're going to really help you in tons of stuff moving forward when it comes to music theory okay so the reason I really wanted to show you those interval distances is because now that you know that you can build any Triad on the piano in the next two minutes here this is probably the most important part of the entire video if you're new to piano I'm going to teach you how to play every major chord every minor chord every augmented chord and every diminished chord in the next two minutes here okay I'm going to set a mental time limit on myself so that we can do this ready go okay a major chord this is what major chords sound like the formula for a major chord is a major third which is four semmit tones 1 2 3 4 and a minor third 1 2 3 if I do it again start on any note E flat 1 2 2 3 4 there's a major 3D 1 2 3 so 4 + 3 that's the formula really E flat major one more f 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 F major chord now minor chords flip it the other way around start with a minor 3 which is three semitones and a major 3D which is four semitones sounds like this a 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 a minor d 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 D minor and follow that formula last one f 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 3 + 4 the minor chord augmented is two different major thirds so 4 + 4 like this 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 next one g 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 that is your meant to try it and the last one I know I'm running out of time is the diminished the diminished is going to be three plus plus three two minor third Triads so it sounds like this 1 2 3 1 2 3 f 1 2 3 1 2 3 and a 1 2 3 1 2 3 and time I have no idea how long that was but you can let me know in the comments how long it took me a major chord is a major third which is four semmit tones and a minor third which is three semmit tones a minor chord is that in Reverse so a minor 3 plus a major thir which is four four semitones the augmented is four semitones plus four semitones which is a major third interval with another major third interval and a diminished one is a minor third three semitones with another minor third on top three semmit tones with that you can play any chord on the piano any Triad D Major G flat diminished F minor E major you name it and you can build as long as you remember that theory formula all right so now you've kind of got your Triads under you so we're going to quickly talk about chord spelling so this is something in theory that gets overlooked all the time because now you know how to play a D major chord it's this D four semmit tones three semitones but what are these note names well you probably know that this is D and this is a but what is this middle note is it F sharp or is it g flat and is one more right than the other the answer is yes it is this F note right here this is called FP because Triads are built up in what we call thirds so that means any kind of D Triad we need to have D something skip over e f something and skip over G A something now let me show you what I mean we're going to make every type of D Triad so D Major D Minor D diminished and D augmented so D major sounds like this because everything is built in third we need to have D something skip over e f something and a something so this one's pretty easy easy d f sharp we're going to call this one an A okay well what about D Minor D Minor is actually probably the easiest one of all for this because we're going to have three semmit tones and four semitones so now we have d f and a it's all the white notes but this one's actually quite easy starts to get tricky though let's do D diminished three semitones and three semmit tones so what are the three names of these notes d F and is this G sharp or is it a flat well it has to be a something so we're going to call it a flat DF a flat is the theoretical correct spelling and what about the last one D augmented d f sharp and this one do we call it a Shar or do we call it B flat actually even though we used a flat before this one is now a sharp because it always has to be a something D something F something and a something and that rule is still true even if the beginning note is D sharp it still needs to be dsharp something F something and a something so because chords are built up in those third so if you take a look at this musical alphabet here on the screen if you start on a d then you need to skip to F then you need to skip to a and if you start and play a C chord it needs to start on C then it moves to e and then it moves to G all right let's get into note values how to read music so this is a quarter notee it equals one beat and you can have up to four cordin notes in a single measure of 44 time so that 44 that you're seeing right now that is called a time signature and that top number tells us exactly how many of these quarter notes that we can have in a measure so in this case four on top we can have four quarter notes next we have a half note a half note is worth two beats it's essentially the same as two quarter notes same kind of one two except you're going to hold it instead of playing it twice like quarter quarter note half note you just hold one 2 and you can fit two of those notes in a measure of four four so you go one 2 3 4 so they're each worth two beats the next one is a whole note a whole note equals four beats of music or the entire measure of whatever your time signature is and the whole note you're just going to hold again 1 2 3 4 so this one's just a nice little oval and you can also have something called an eighth note an eighth note is half of a quarter note so you might be asking me Kevin how do we have half of one well now instead of counting one 2 three four you would count one and two and three and four and so what happens when you have lots of eighth notes side by side when you have two of them side by side they're going to be kind of bridged together and you can also have four of them side by side that kind of look like this and they're going to be bridged together and it would sound like 1 and two and three and four and all right finally we have dotted notes you can put a dot beside any note and it adds half of the value of the note it's beside that's a little bit confusing and this is the one that gets everyone so let me explain one more time a half note with a DOT beside it equals three and that's because a half note is worth two and so if you split two and half it's just one so then you go 2 + 1 equal 3 Let's get into time signatures because not every song you play is going to be in 44 for example you might see this one three four so what happens when the top number changes it just means that there's going to be three beats per measure and that bottom note when it's four means that the quarter note equals one beat and so there can be many different types of time signatures we won't have time to cover them all here but if you want to learn more we do have an amazing lesson with David Bennett going over all of the different time signatures and the complex ones that he really likes to play all right so now we're starting learn the theory on how to read notes so now that we know how long to hold our notes it's time to look at how to know which ones to play using something called music notation which looks a little something like this we got a bunch of lines we have a little circle depending on where the note could be and so the most important one I want you to look at is Middle C now this Middle Sea is right in the middle of both staffs and this is the middle seal on the piano I showed you at the very beginning of this lesson the left hand are usually shown with a Bass Club it kind of looks like this guy and that is showing me it's the notes below middle C on the piano everything down here and the right hand is typically shown with a trouble Cliff everything above middle C kind of looks like that often people use acronyms to help remember each note name on the actual staff that's what those lines are called it's called a staff a musical staff when you have two lines on piano we call that the grand staff but on each staff we have five lines and four SPAC and the spaces in the trouble CLI go like this f a c and e it actually just spells the word face so you have a no in the first space that's called f the second space is a so on and so forth in the trouble C we also have the line notes which you go like this e g b d and f now people like to use sayings to help remember these notes like Every Good Boy Deserves fudge every good burger deserves fries I've heard every good band deserves fans there's so many different things that you can come up with every good bear deserv fish is I think another one and the Bass Club has its own acronyms in the spaces it goes a c e and g a popular one here tons of people have learned this one is all cows eat grass so in the spaces in the Bas cleff all cows eat grass in the spaces and on the lines it goes GB DFA and typically you're going to use some sort you can create your own acronyms or good boys deserve fudge always or good Bears deserve fish always you can go ahead make up your own let me know in the comments what you use or what you learned when it comes to these acronyms but they should help you at least getting started to know what the names of the notes are on music notation so theory is extremely useful but what is the point of it if we can't actually begin to play music so I'm going to show you some extremely common chord progressions the most popular chord progressions as a matter of fact and they just use four chords they're going to use your C major chord your G major chord a minor and F major if I was to play this chord progression this is literally hundreds if not thousands of songs and you can probably hear different Melodies over top of it I won't play any Melodies cuz there's there's literally so many songs that have the same chord progression so this progression is called the one 564 now why is it called the 1564 it's because in my C major scale if I'm playing a song in the key of C you've now learned how to create a scale but now you're going to learn okay I'm going to give each of these scales a number or a degree so one 2 3 4 5 and then six 7 we repeat at one so each one of these numbers actually has a chord that could be attached to it that occur naturally inside the key so in C one is going to be C major my five I break it up into thirds now I have G major if I start on a and split it up into thirds I have a minor and my four chord here f is F major so my CH progression becomes c g a minor and F but if you kind of just like start that progression from halfway through start on the sixth chord the a minor you get the most popular minor progression of all time that sounds like this 6 4 1 five and if you start to add different you know rhythms to it it can sound like I'm not going to say what song it is but let me know if you recognize something like that in the comments down below but those are chord progressions the 1564 and the 6415 it's the same progression just starting on a different degree now if you can learn both of those progressions there are hundreds of thousands of songs that you can play theory is essential when it comes to understanding how music works but it doesn't mean much unless you can actually try to apply these Concepts to your instrument so let me know in the comments what your thoughts are about music theory and I'll see you next time ...
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